Three approaches succeeded.
Bud Orr invented the "Autococker." More or less a pump gun, it was closed-bolt and had pneumatic rams and regulators welded onto the front to re-cock the gun after each shot. Instead of pumping the gun, the gun pumped itself.
Tom Kaye invented the "Automag." It was a completely new design. Open bolt (meaning the bolt rests in the open position between each shot), it was blow-forward. This means that when the sear releases the hammer/bolt, it releases a measured amount of air that propels the bolt and resets the hammer/bolt with a spring.
Many other inventors relied on the "blowback" design. An open bolt assembly, it features a hammer/bolt that is potentially powered by a compressed spring. When the sear releases the hammer/bolt, it moves forward, strikes a valve which releases air, and that valve returns the hammer/bolt with a burst of air, blowing it back.
In all of these designs, there was one area that could be improved. The sear had to be mechanically tripped. This meant that each gun had a trigger pull between one pound to eight pounds! Electronic markers would solve this.
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